This piece unpacks the critical concept of "safeguards" against our inherent biological and psychological vulnerabilities (like fatigue, hunger, stress, and emotional states) that impede good judgment. It argues that willpower is insufficient; instead, we need external and internal "architectural engineering" to protect ourselves from…..

This piece dissects the pervasive nature of human weaknesses and blind spots, differentiating between biological defaults and acquired bad habits. It proposes two strategies for mitigation: strengthening virtues and implementing safeguards. The core argument highlights our inherent difficulty in recognising…..

System 1 (fast, intuitive) and System 2 (slow, analytical). It explains how System 1 is prone to biases and quick judgments, while System 2 is lazy and often allows System 1 to dominate decision-making. The summary highlights key concepts such as cognitive ease, heuristics, and the substitution game, ultimately emphasizing the importance of understanding these systems to make better decisions.