This article argues that true clear thinking, a crucial "weapon" in navigating life's challenges, is not about optimistic fantasising but about confronting brutal facts and anticipating consequences. It advocates for "second-level thinking" and embracing complex, "Both-And" solutions over binary traps, urging readers to…..

The article argues that mistakes are an unavoidable part of life, often revealing flaws in our understanding rather than just bad luck. It critiques the human tendency towards self-serving bias and inertial thinking, which prevent us from acknowledging and learning from errors. The core message emphasises that…..

This piece unpacks the critical concept of "safeguards" against our inherent biological and psychological vulnerabilities (like fatigue, hunger, stress, and emotional states) that impede good judgment. It argues that willpower is insufficient; instead, we need external and internal "architectural engineering" to protect ourselves from…..

System 1 (fast, intuitive) and System 2 (slow, analytical). It explains how System 1 is prone to biases and quick judgments, while System 2 is lazy and often allows System 1 to dominate decision-making. The summary highlights key concepts such as cognitive ease, heuristics, and the substitution game, ultimately emphasizing the importance of understanding these systems to make better decisions.